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Eyebrow MuscleCITAZIONE Answer
In Short...
It seems that it either takes one muscle (the Occipitofrontalis) OR two (the Frontalis and the Occipitalis) to lift the eyebrow, depending on what source you choose to listen to.
In Long...
The Occipitofrontalis is a term used by some to describe a muscle of the human body, with two parts: the "occipital" part/belly, and the "Frontal" part/belly.
Other sources consider the Occipitofrontalis to be a structure consisting of two distinct muscles, the Frontalis and the Occipitalis.
The Frontalis is thin, of a quadrilateral form, and intimately adherent to the superficial fascia. It is broader than the Occipitalis and its fibers are longer and paler in color. It has no bony attachments. Its medial fibers are continuous with those of the Procerus; its immediate fibers blend with the Corrugator and Orbicularis oculi; and its lateral fibers are also blended with the latter muscle over the zygomatic process of the frontal bone. From these attachments the fibers are directed upward, and join the galea aponeurotica below the coronal suture. The medial margins of the Frontales are joined together for some distance above the root of the nose; but between the Occipitales there is a considerable, though variable, interval, occupied by the galea aponeurotica.
The Occipitalis, thin and quadrilateral in form, arises by tendinous fibers from the lateral two-thirds of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone, and from the mastoid part of the temporal. It ends in the galea aponeurotica.
So, take that information and decide, one muscle or two. CITAZIONE Coronal Brow Lift
to correct Eyelid and Brow Ptosis (Drooping) from Partial Paralysis of Left Brow (Brow lift, forehead lift)
The eyebrow tends to sag or droop with age. The brow is suspended with the forehead muscles (frontalis muscles). Paralysis of the frontalis muscle will lower the brow. If only one side is paralyzed, the brows will be asymmetrical (unbalanced).
Partial Paralysis Brow with Ptosis Upper Eyelid
Eyebrow ptosis and drooping before browlift surgery
This black and white photograph is of the patient trying to raise her brows. The right brow elevates. The paralyzed left eyebrow does not move well. The droopy tissues can interfere with vision.
Eyebrow ptosis before brow lift surgery
The upper eyelid drapes over the eye to protect and help keep the surface moist. Closed, the eye may be protected but you cannot see very much through the eyelid. To see you must lift the upper lid out of the way. The levator muscle performs most of the work to get the upper eyelid out of the way for vision.
The levator muscle works well when not challenged with an additional work load. The eyebrow position on the forehead creates the starting point for upper eyelid function. If the brow is too low, the levator cannot lift the eyelid satisfactorily.
Ptosis of the eyelid means that it droops too low and cannot get out of the way enough for the eye to see. Elevation may be just enough for gaze towards the lower visual fields (towards the feet). Looking straight ahead, the lid may obstruct vision.
Partial Paralysis Brow with Ptosis Upper Eyelid
Eyebrow droop or ptosis before browlift surgery Eyebrow droop or ptosis after browlift surgery
Eyebrow ptosis before brow lift surgery
No more ptosis after brow lift surgery
This patient suffered damage to her left frontalis muscle resulting in the left brow drooping. She was able to compensate. In this patient, the upper lid covers half of the pupil. This patient compensated with her eyelid (levator) muscle. As she became tired, the muscle fatigued obstructing her vision from that eye. Notice how the upper eyelid is pushing against the lashes. On direct gaze the eyelid muscles can keep the pupil unobstructed. These pictures were taken early enough in the day that the patient could keep vision clear.
Partial Paralysis Brow with Ptosis Upper Eyelid
Brow droop or ptosis before brow lift surgery Brow droop or ptosis after brow lift surgery
Eyebrow ptosis before brow lift surgery
No more ptosis after brow lift surgery
When looking up the levator eyelid muscle can only compensate to uncover 1/2 of the pupil of the left eye before surgery. The brow could not be moved high enough to prevent a drooping eyelid.
Partial Paralysis Brow with Ptosis Upper Eyelid
Upper eyelid drooping from frontalis muscle paralysis after browlift surgery. Upper eyelid drooping from frontalis muscle paralysis before browlift surgery. Lazy or droopy upper eyelid from frontalis muscle paralysis after brow lift surgery. Lazy or droopy upper eyelid from frontalis muscle paralysis before brow lift surgery.
Eyebrow ptosis before brow lift surgery
No more ptosis after brow lift surgery
Eyebrow ptosis before brow lift surgery
No more ptosis after brow lift surgery
Notice how the left side view is much different than the right before surgery. The hooding of the upper left eyelid is obvious before surgery. After the coronal brow lift the patient no longer had to make the levator eyelid muscle work as hard to uncover the eye.
Surgical correction was with a coronal brow lift. An incision is made in the scalp behind the hairline. The skin and tissues are dissected to just below the brows. Symmetry was reestablished by dissecting the left more extensively than the right. The redundant tissue is removed and then the scalp resutured together. |
